Izifundo ezibalulekile:
●Ukuhlolwa Okuguquguqukayo Kwencazelo Yesiguquli:Ukuhlolwa kwe-impulse ye-transformer ihlola amandla ayo okumelana nama-voltage aphezulu, iqinisekisa ukuthi ukufakwa kwayo kungakwazi ukuphatha ama-spikes angazelelwe ku-voltage.
●Lightning Impulse Test:Lokhu kuhlola kusebenzisa ama-voltage emvelo afana nombani ukuze kuhlolwe ukufakwa kwe-transformer, kuhlonzwe ubuthakathaka obungabangela ukwehluleka.
●Ukushintsha ukuhlolwa kwe-Impulse:Lokhu kuhlola kulingisa ama-voltage spikes kusukela ekushintsheni ukusebenza kunethiwekhi, okungase futhi kugcizelele ukufakwa kwe-transformer.
●I-Impulse Generator:Ijeneretha ye-impulse, esekelwe kumjikelezo we-Marx, idala ama-voltage aphezulu ngokushaja ama-capacitor ngokuhambisana futhi iwakhiphe ngochungechunge.
●Ukuhlola Ukusebenza:Inqubo yokuhlola ibandakanya ukusebenzisa ama-impulses ombani ajwayelekile kanye ne-voltage yokurekhoda kanye namagagasi amanje ukuze kutholakale noma yikuphi ukwehluleka kokufakelwa.
Ukukhanyisa kuyinto evamile kuimigqa yokudluliselangenxa yobude bawo. Lokhu kushaywa kombani kulayiniumqhubiibangela i-impulse voltage. Imishini yokugcina yelayini yokudlulisela efanai-transformer yamandlabese kuba nama-voltage omfutho wombani. Futhi ngesikhathi salo lonke uhlobo lomsebenzi wokushintsha ku-inthanethi ohlelweni, kuzoba nokushintshashintsha okwenzekayo kunethiwekhi. Ubukhulu bama-switching impulses bungaba izikhathi ezi-3.5 ku-voltage yesistimu.
I-insulation ibalulekile kuma-transformer, njengoba noma yikuphi ubuthakathaka bungabangela ukwehluleka. Ukuze uhlole ukusebenza kwayo, ama-transformer ahlolwa nge-dielectric. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa kokumelana nokuqina kwamandla ayanele ukubonisa amandla e-dielectric. Kungakho kwenziwa izivivinyo ze-impulse, okuhlanganisa umbani kanye nokuhlola umfutho wokushintsha
I-Lightning Impulse
Umfutho wombani uyinto yemvelo emsulwa. Ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukubikezela ukuma kwegagasi langempela lokuphazamiseka kombani. Kusukela kudatha eqoqwe mayelana nombani wemvelo, kungase kuphethwe ngokuthi ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu ngenxa yokushaywa kombani wemvelo, kungamelwa yizimo ezintathu eziyisisekelo zamagagasi.
●Igagasi eligcwele
● Igagasi eliqotshiwe kanye
●Phambi kwegagasi
Nakuba ukuphazamisa kombani kwangempela kungase kungabi nazo lezi zimo ezintathu ncamashi kodwa ngokuchaza lawa maza umuntu angasungula amandla amancane e-dielectric we-transformer.
Uma ukuphazamiseka kombani kuhamba ngolayini wokudlulisela ngaphambi kokufinyelelai-transformer, ukuma kwayo kwegagasi kungase kube igagasi eligcwele. Uma kwenzeka i-flash-over noma yikuphiisivikelongemva kokuphakama kwegagasi, lingase libe igagasi eliqotshiwe.
Uma umbani ushaya ngokuqondile amatheminali e-transformer, umfuthoi-voltageikhuphuka ngokushesha ize ikhululeke ngokuphazima kweso. Ngokuphazima kweso i-flash-over i-voltage iwa ngokuzumayo futhi ingase yakhe ingaphambili lokuma kwegagasi.
Umthelela walezi zinhlobo zamagagasi ku-insulation ye-transformer ungase uhluke komunye nomunye. Asiyi lapha ngengxoxo eningiliziwe yokuthi hlobo luni lwamagagasi omfutho we-voltage abangela ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokwehluleka ku-transformer. Kepha noma ngabe kuyini ukuma kwe-voltage ukuphazamiseka kombani, zonke zingabangela ukwehluleka kokufakwa ku-transformer. Ngakhoukukhanya kwe-impulse test ye-transformeringenye yokuhlolwa kohlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lwe-transformer.
Ukushintsha Impulse
Ngocwaningo kanye nokubona kuveza ukuthi ukushintsha kwamandla kagesi noma amandla okushintsha kungase kube nesikhathi sangaphambili samakhulu ambalwa amasekhondi amancane futhi la mandla kagesi angase anciphe ngezikhathi ezithile. I-IEC - 600060 yamukele ukuhlolwa kwabo kokushintsha kwe-impulse, igagasi elide elinesikhathi sangaphambili esingu-250 μs nesikhathi senani lengxenye engu-2500 μs ngokubekezelelana.
Inhloso yokuhlolwa kwe-impulse voltage ukuvikela ukuthi i-i-transformerI-insulation imelana nombani ongaphezu kwamandla okungenzeka uma usenkonzweni.
Idizayini ye-impulse generator isuselwe kusekethe ye-Marx. Umdwebo oyisisekelo wesekethe uboniswa kuMdwebo ongenhla. Umfuthoama-capacitorsAma-Cs (ama-capacitor angu-12 angu-750 ηF) akhokhiswa ngokufana ngokushajaresistorsI-Rc (28 kΩ) (amandla kagesi aphezulu avunyelwe ukushaja angu-200 kV). Lapho i-voltage yokushaja isifinyelele inani elidingekayo, ukuhlukana kwegebe lenhlansi F1 kuqaliswa ukushaya kwenhliziyo kwangaphandle. Lapho i-F1 iphuka, amandla esiteji esilandelayo (iphuzu B no-C) ayakhuphuka. Ngoba uchungechunge lwama-resistor Rs luyinani eliphansi le-ohmic uma liqhathaniswa ne-resistaging resistor Rb (4,5 kΩ) kanye ne-resistor yokushaja engu-Rc, futhi njengoba i-Low-ohmic discharge resistor i-Ra ihlukaniswa nesekhethi yi-Fal eyisiza ye-spark-gap. , umehluko ongaba khona kuyo yonke i-spark-gap F2 ukhuphuka kakhulu futhi ukuhlukaniswa kwe-F2 kuyaqalwa.
Ngakho-ke ama-spark-gep enziwa ukuthi ahlehle ngokulandelana. Ngakho-ke ama-capacitor akhishwa ekuxhumekeni kochungechunge. Ama-high-ohmic discharge resistors Rb anobukhulu bokushintsha ama-impulses kanye ne-low-ohmic resistors u-Ra wamathonya ombani. I-resistors Ra ixhunywe ngokuhambisana ne-resistors Rb, lapho ama-spark-gaps asizayo ephuka, ngokulibaziseka kwesikhathi samasekhondi ambalwa ama-nano.
Lolu hlelo luqinisekisa ukuthi i-generator isebenza kahle.
Umumo wegagasi kanye nenani eliphakeme levoltheji ye-impulse kukalwa kusetshenziswa i-Impulse Analyzing System (DIAS 733) exhunywe ku-isihlukanisi se-voltage. I-voltage edingekayo itholakala ngokukhetha inombolo efanelekile yezigaba ezixhunywe uchungechunge futhi ngokulungisa i-voltage yokushaja. Ukuze uthole ukukhishwa okudingekayo kwamandla afanayo noma uchungechunge-parallel uxhumano lwe-generator lungasetshenziswa. Kulezi zimo amanye ama-capacitor axhunywe ngokufana ngesikhathi sokukhishwa.
Umumo odingekayo we-impulse utholakala ngokukhethwa okufanelekile kochungechunge kanye nokukhishwa kwe-resistors ye-generator.
Isikhathi sangaphambili singabalwa cishe kusukela kuzibalo:
Nge-R1 >> R2 kanye ne-Cg >> C (15.1)
Tt = .RC123
kanye nesikhathi esiyingxenye ukuya kwinani elinguhhafu ukusuka kwisibalo
T ≈ 0,7.RC
Ngokusebenza, isekethe yokuhlola inyishwa ngokuya ngesipiliyoni.
Ukusebenza kokuhlolwa kwe-Impulse
Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngemikhankaso evamile ye-polarity engalungile. Isikhathi esingaphambili (T1) nesikhathi ukuya kuhhafu yenani (T2) kuchazwa ngokuhambisana nendinganiso.
Umfutho wombani ojwayelekile
Isikhathi sangaphambili T1 = 1,2 μs ± 30%
Isikhathi ukuya kuhhafu yenani T2 = 50 μs ± 20%
Empeleni, umumo we-impulse ungase uchezuke ku-impulse evamile lapho kuhlolwa ama-windinging ane-voltage ephansi wamandla alinganiselwe aphezulu kanye nama-winding of high input capacitance. Ukuhlolwa kwe-impulse kwenziwa ngama-voltage e-polarity angalungile ukuze kugwenywe ama-flash over ashintshashintshayo ku-insulation yangaphandle nesekhethi yokuhlola. Ukulungiswa kwe-Waveform kuyadingeka ezintweni eziningi zokuhlola. Umuzwa otholwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwamayunithi afanayo noma ekugcineni ukubala kwangaphambili kunganikeza isiqondiso sokukhetha izingxenye zesekethe yokubunjwa kwamagagasi.
Ukulandelana kokuhlola kuqukethe i-reference impulse eyodwa (RW) ku-75% we-amplitude egcwele elandelwa inombolo eshiwo ye-voltage yezicelo ku-amplitude egcwele (FW) (ngokwe-IEC 60076-3 ama-impulses amathathu agcwele). Imishini ye-voltage kanyeokwamanjeukuqoshwa kwesignali kuhlanganisa irekhoda yesikhashana yedijithali, imonitha, ikhompuyutha, i-plotter kanye nephrinta. Okurekhodiwe kulawa maleveli amabili kungaqhathaniswa ngokuqondile nenkomba yokwehluleka. Ukuze ulawule ama-transformer isigaba esisodwa siyahlolwa ngesiguquli sempompi elayishiwe esisethelwe isilinganisoi-voltagekanye nezinye izigaba ezimbili zivivinywa endaweni ngayinye eyeqisayo.
Ukuxhumana kokuhlolwa kwe-Impulse
Zonke izivivinyo ze-dielectric zihlola izinga lokufakelwa komsebenzi. I-Impul generator isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza okucacisiwei-voltageigagasi lomfutho elingu-1.2/50 micro seconds wave. Umfutho owodwa wokuncishisiwei-voltagephakathi kuka-50 kuya ku-75% we-voltage yokuhlola ephelele kanye nama-impulses amathathu alandelayo ku-voltage egcwele.
Okwei-transformer yesigaba ezintathu, umfutho wenziwa kuzo zontathu izigaba ngokulandelana.
I-voltage isetshenziswa kutheminali ngayinye ngokulandelana, igcina amanye amatheminali enomhlaba.
Umumo wamagagasi amanje kanye ne-voltage zirekhodwa ku-oscilloscope futhi noma yikuphi ukuhlanekezela komumo wegagasi kuyinqubo yokwehluleka.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-16-2024