Izitishi zombane zidlala indima ephambili ekugqithiseni umbane ngempumelelo ngenkqubo yethu yesizwe. Fumanisa ukuba benza ntoni na, basebenza njani kwaye bangena phi kwigridi yethu yombane.
Kuninzi kwinkqubo yethu yombane kunalapho uveliswa khona umbane, okanye iintambo ezizisa emakhayeni ethu nakumashishini. Enyanisweni, igridi yesizwe yombane ibandakanya uthungelwano olubanzi lwezixhobo zeengcali ezivumela ukuhanjiswa nokuhanjiswa kombane ngokukhuselekileyo nokuthembekileyo.
Izitishi zizinto ezibalulekileyo ngaphakathi kweso sigqeba kwaye zenza ukuba umbane udluliselwe kwiivolthi ezahlukeneyo, ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuthembekileyo.
Sisebenza njani isikhululo sombane?
Enye yeendima eziphambili zezitishi kukuguqula umbane ube ngamandla ombane ahlukeneyo. Oku kuyafuneka ukuze umbane usasazwe kulo lonke ilizwe kwaye emva koko usasazwe kuzo zonke iindawo zasekuhlaleni kunye nakumakhaya ethu, amashishini kunye nezakhiwo.
Izitishi ziqulethe izixhobo zeengcali ezivumela umbane wombane ukuba uguqulwe (okanye 'utshintshwe'). Amandla ombane anyuswa okanye ehle ngamaqhekeza ezixhobo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-transformer, ezihlala kwisiza sesikhululo.
Iitransformer zizixhobo zombane ezihambisa amandla ombane ngokusebenzisa imagnethi eguqukayo. Ziqulathe iikhoyili ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zocingo kunye nokwahluka ukuba mangaphi amaxesha ikhoyili nganye ayisonge umbindi wentsimbi iya kuchaphazela utshintsho ombane. Oku kuvumela ukuba i-voltage inyuswe okanye iyancipha.
Iziguquli zesitishi esincinci ziya kuzalisekisa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo kuguqulo lwamandla ombane ngokuxhomekeke apho umbane ukhoyo kuhambo lwawo lokuhambisa.
Idutyulwe nguJZP(JIEZOUPOWER) eLos Angeles, eMelika ngoMeyi ka-2024
Zingena phi izitishi kuthungelwano lombane?
Kukho iindidi ezimbini zesitishi esingaphantsi; ezo ziyinxalenye yothungelwano lothumelo (olusebenza kuma-275kV nangaphezulu) kunye nezo ziyinxalenye yothungelwano losasazo (olusebenza kwi-132kV nangaphantsi).
Izitishi zothumelo
Izitishi zothumelo zifumaneka apho umbane ungena kuthungelwano lothumelo (kaninzi kufutshane nomthombo omkhulu wamandla), okanye apho ushiya uthungelwano lothumelo ukuze usasazwe kumakhaya nakumashishini (eyaziwa njengendawo yokubonelela ngegridi).
Ngenxa yokuba imveliso evela kwiijenereyitha zamandla - njengezityalo zenyukliya okanye iifama zomoya - iyahluka kumbane, kufuneka iguqulwe sisiguqulisi ukuya kwinqanaba elihambelana neendlela zayo zokuhambisa.
Izitishi zothumelo 'ziijunction' apho iisekethe ziqhagamshela enye kwenye, zenza uthungelwano olujikeleza umbane ngamandla ombane aphezulu.
Wakuba umbane ungenile kwigridi ngokukhuselekileyo, uye ke uthunyelwe – rhoqo kwimigama emide – ngeesekethe zothumelo lwevoltage ephezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo ngohlobo lweentambo zombane ezingaphezulu (OHLs) ozibona zixhaswa ziipylons zombane. E-UK, ezi OHLs zibaleka nokuba yi-275kV okanye i-400kV. Ukwandisa okanye ukunciphisa i-voltage ngokufanelekileyo kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba ifikelela kuthungelwano losasazo lwasekhaya ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwamandla.
Apho umbane ushiya uthungelwano lothumelo, isitishi sombane wegridi (GSP) siwunciphisa amandla ombane kwakhona ukuze usasazeke ngokukhuselekileyo – amaxesha amaninzi ukuya kwisitishi esikufutshane sokuhambisa umbane.
Izikhululo zokusasaza
Xa umbane uhanjiswa kwisistim sothumelo ukuya kwisitishi esihambisayo nge-GSP, amandla ombane ayo athotywa kwakhona ukuze angene kumakhaya ethu nakumashishini kwinqanaba elisebenzisekayo. Oku kuqhutywa ngothungelwano losasazo lwemigca emincinci okanye iintambo ezingaphantsi komhlaba kwizakhiwo ezikwi-240V.
Ngokukhula kwemithombo yamandla eqhagamshelana kwinqanaba lothungelwano lwengingqi (eyaziwa ngokuba sisiveliso esifakwe ngaphakathi), ukuhamba kombane nako kunokutshintshwa ukuze ii-GSP zithumele amandla ngaphandle kwakhona kwisixokelelwano sothumelo ukunceda ukulungelelanisa igridi.
Yintoni enye eyenzayo izitishi?
Izitishi zothumelo kulapho iiprojekthi ezinkulu zamandla ziqhagamshela kwigridi yombane yase-UK. Sidibanisa zonke iintlobo zetekhnoloji kwinethiwekhi yethu, kunye neegigawatts ezininzi ezifakwe kunyaka ngamnye.
Ukutyhubela iminyaka siqhagamshele ngaphezulu kweejenereyitha zamandla ezingama-90 - kubandakanywa phantse ne-30GW yemithombo yecarbon enguziro kunye nezinxibelelanisi - ezinceda ukwenza iBritane ibe lolona qoqosho lukhawulezayo lokususa ikhabhoni.
Uqhagamshelo lukwathatha amandla kuthungelwano lothumelo, umzekelo ngee-GSPs (njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla) okanye kubasebenzi bakaloliwe.
Izitishi zikwanazo nezixhobo ezinceda ukugcina iinkqubo zethu zokuhambisa nokuhambisa umbane zisebenza kakuhle kangangoko, ngaphandle kokusilela okuphindaphindiweyo okanye ixesha lokuphumla. Oku kubandakanya izixhobo zokukhusela, ezifumanisa kwaye zisuse iimpazamo kwinethiwekhi.
Ngaba ukuhlala ecaleni kwesikhululo esingaphantsi kukhuselekile?
Kwiminyaka edlulileyo bekukho ingxoxo malunga nokuba ukuhlala kufuphi nezikhululo ezincinci - kwaye ngokwenene iintambo zamandla - zikhuselekile, ngenxa yemimandla ye-electromagnetic fields (EMFs) abayivelisayo.
Iinkxalabo ezinjalo zithathwa nzulu kwaye eyona nto iphambili kuthi kukugcina uluntu, iikontraka zethu kunye nabasebenzi bekhuselekile. Zonke izitishi ezincinci ziyilelwe ukunciphisa ii-EMF ngokuhambelana nezikhokelo zokhuseleko ezizimeleyo, ezimiselwe ukusikhusela sonke ekuvezweni. Emva kwamashumi eminyaka yophando, ubunzima bobungqina buchasene nokuba kukho nayiphi na imingcipheko yempilo yee-EMFs ngaphantsi kwemida yesikhokelo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-28-2024