IZIGUQULO ZOMHLABA

I-transformer yomhlaba, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-grounding transformer, luhlobo lwe-transformer esetyenziselwa ukudala uxhulumaniso lomhlaba olukhuselayo kwiinkqubo zombane. Iqukethe ukujikeleza kombane odibeneyo emhlabeni kwaye yenzelwe ukudala indawo engathathi hlangothi esekelwe.

Iziguquli zomhlaba zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kukhuseleko lombane. Zisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokutshatyalaliswa kombane kunye nokukhusela izixhobo emonakalweni obangelwa ziziphene zombane. Kwiinkqubo zombane apho kungabikho uxhulumaniso lwendalo emhlabeni, njengakwinethiwekhi yokuhanjiswa kwe-voltage ephezulu, i-earth transformer ifakwe ukubonelela uxhulumaniso olukhuselekileyo noluthembekileyo.

Iziguquli zomhlaba ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiziguquli zamandla, iiyunithi zereactor, kunye neenkqubo zamandla. Zenzelwe ukuba zibe nomlinganiselo ophantsi kuneziguquli zamandla eziqhelekileyo, oku kuthetha ukuba banokuthwala i-current high ngaphandle kokudala i-voltage ephezulu. Umlinganiselo we-earthing transformer udla ngokusekwa kwi-1: 1, oku kuthetha ukuba i-voltage yegalelo kunye ne-voltage ephumayo iyafana.

Uyilo lweziguquli zomhlaba luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisicelo kunye nohlobo lwesixokelelwano sombane esisetyenziswa kuso. Ezinye iziguquli zomhlaba zenzelwe ukuntywiliselwa nge-oyile, ngelixa ezinye ziziguquleli zohlobo olomileyo. Ukukhethwa kohlobo lwe-transformer kunye noyilo luxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zenkqubo yombane.

Iziguquli ze-Earthing zikwasetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zombane ukunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwamandla ombane kunye nokusabalalisa umthwalo wokulinganisela. Zingasetyenziselwa kwiinkqubo zombane apho kukho imithwalo engalinganiyo okanye apho kukho ukuhluka okukhulu kwimfuno yomthwalo.

Ukuqukumbela, abaguquli bomhlaba zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zombane, zibonelela ngonxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo noluthembekileyo olusisiseko kunye nokukhusela izixhobo zombane kumonakalo obangelwa ziziphene zombane. Uyilo kunye nofakelo lweziguquli zomhlaba zixhomekeke kwiimfuno zenkqubo ethile yombane, kwaye zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kukhuseleko lombane kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo.

Iziguquli zomhlaba zizinto eziyimfuneko kwiinkqubo zamandla ombane, ziyilelwe ngokukodwa ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza okuthembekileyo kwenkqubo. Ezi ziguquli zisebenza injongo esisiseko ngokudibanisa indawo engathathi hlangothi yothungelwano lokusasazwa kwamandla amanqanaba amathathu emhlabeni. Nantsi eminye imiba ephambili yeziguquli zomhlaba:

• I-Neutral Grounding: Kwinqanaba lesithathu lenkqubo yamandla, omnye wabaqhubi uchongwa njengendawo engathathi hlangothi, edityaniswa ngokuqhelekileyo emhlabeni ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko. Isiguquli somhlaba sisetyenziselwa ukuseka olu xhulumaniso. Iqinisekisa ukuba indawo engathathi hlangothi inokubakho emhlabeni okanye kufutshane.

• Ukubekwa wedwa: Iziguquli zomhlaba ziyilwe ngendlela ekwanti yokujija okwesibini. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-winding ephambili kunye neyesibini ayixhunyiwe ngokuthe ngqo, inikezela ukuhlukaniswa kombane phakathi kwenkqubo kunye nomhlaba. Oku kwahlula kubalulekile kukhuseleko kunye nokufumanisa iimpazamo.

• Ukucinezelwa kweResonance: Kwiinkqubo ezithile zamandla, iimeko ze-resonance zingenzeka ngenxa yomthamo wemigca emide engaphezulu. Iziguquli zomhlaba zinokunceda ukunciphisa lo mbandela ngokubonelela ngendlela ephantsi yokumelana nomhlaba, ukuthintela ukugqithisa kunye nomonakalo onokuthi ube khona kwinkqubo.

• Impazamo yangoku yoMda: I-earth transformers inokuxhotyiswa ngee-resistors zokumisa ukunciphisa i-fault currents ngexesha leempazamo zomhlaba. Oku akukhuseli kuphela inkqubo ekugqithiseni okwangoku kodwa kunceda ekufumaneni nasekuhlukaniseni iimpazamo ngokukhawuleza.

• Iindidi zeeTransformers zomhlaba: Kukho iindidi ngeendidi zeziguquli zomhlaba, kubandakanywa iziseko eziqinileyo, i-impedance grounded, kunye ne-resistance grounded transformers. Ukukhethwa kohlobo kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zenkqubo yamandla kunye nomgangatho wokukhusela okufunekayo.

• Ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka: Ukumisa ngokufanelekileyo ngokusebenzisa iziguquli zomhlaba kuphucula ukhuseleko lofakelo lombane ngokunciphisa umngcipheko wokutshatyalaliswa kombane kunye nemililo. Kwakhona kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kweenkqubo zokusasazwa kwamandla ngokuthintela iimpazamo zesigaba ukuya kumhlaba kunye nokungalingani kwamandla ombane.

• Isondlo: Ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye novavanyo lweziguquli zomhlaba zibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwazo okuqhubekayo ekuboneleleni indawo yombane ekhuselekileyo nethembekileyo.