Renewable energyisimba rinogadzirwa kubva muzviwanikwa zvePasi, izvo zvinogona kuvandudzwa nekukurumidza kupfuura zvazvinodyiwa. Mienzaniso yakajairika inosanganisira simba rezuva, simba remvura uye simba remhepo. Kuchinjira kune izvi zvitubu zvesimba rinowanikwazve chinhu chakakosha pakurwisakushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Nhasi, zvakasiyana-siyana zvekukurudzira uye rubatsiro zvinobatsira kuita kuti zvive nyore kumakambani kutsamira pazvinhu zvinogonekazve senzvimbo yakagadzikana yesimba rekubatsira kudzikamisa dambudziko remamiriro ekunze. Asi chizvarwa chinotevera chesimba rakachena chinoda zvinopfuura kungokurudzira chete, chinoda tekinoroji yekuvandudza simba uye kugadzira magetsi kubatsira nyika kusvika.net-zerozvinobuda.
Solar
Kushandura chiedza chezuva kuva simba remagetsi kunoitika nenzira mbiri—solar photovoltaics (PV) kana kuti concentrating solar-thermal power (CSP). Nzira yakajairika, solar PV, inounganidza chiedza chezuva uchishandisa solar panel, inochishandura kusimba remagetsi uye inoichengeta mumabhatiri kuitira kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana.
Nekuda kwekudzikira kwemitengo yezvinhu uye kufambira mberi mukuiswa, mutengo wesimba rezuva wadzikira zvinoda kusvika 90% mukati memakore gumi apfuura, zvichiita kuti ive nyore kuwanikwa uye isingadhure.1 uye anochinja-chinja, ane simba uye anoshanda solar panels anogona kugadzira magetsi kunyangwe panguva yekudzikira kwezuva.
Kugadzirwa kwesimba reSolar kunovimba nemagetsi ekuchengetedza masisitimu (ESS) kuti arambe achigovera-saka sezvo huwandu hwechizvarwa hunowedzera, masisitimu ekuchengetedza anofanirwa kuramba achimhanya. Semuenzaniso, tekinoroji yebhatiri yekuyerera iri kuvandudzwa kuti itsigire grid-chiyero chekuchengetedza simba. Iyo inodhura-yakaderera, yakavimbika uye scalable fomu yeESS, kuyerera mabhatiri anogona kubata mazana emaawa megawatt maawa emagetsi pachaji imwe chete. Izvi zvinogonesa zvishandiso kuchengetedza simba kwenguva yakareba kwenguva yepasi- kana isiri-yekugadzira, zvichibatsira kubata mutoro uye kugadzira yakagadzikana uye inosimba gidhi remagetsi.
Kuwedzera ESS kugona kunowedzera kukosha kunedecarbonizationkuedza uye remangwana resimba rakachena sezvo simba remagetsi rinovandudzwa richiwedzera. Sekureva kweInternational Energy Agency (IEA), muna 2023 chete, simba rinogona kudzokororwa rakawedzera huwandu hwaro hwepasi rose ne50%, paine solar PV ichiita zvikamu zvitatu kubva muzvina zvesimba iro. Uye mukati menguva iri pakati pa2023 kusvika 2028, simba remagetsi rinovandudzwa rinotarisirwa kukura ne7,300 gigawatts ine solar PV uye kushandiswa kwemhepo yemugungwa kunotarisirwa kupeta zvakapetwa kaviri pamusoro pemazinga aripo muIndia, Brazil, Europe neUS kusvika 2028.2
Mhepo
Vanhu vanga vachishandisa simba remhepo kugadzira magetsi nemagetsi kwezvizvarwa. Sesimba rakachena, rinogara uye rinodhura, simba remhepo rinopa mukana wakakura wekuwedzera shanduko yesimba rinogoneka kutenderera pasirese nekukanganisa kushoma kune ecosystem. Zvichienderana nekufungidzira kweIEA, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emhepo kunotarisirwa kudarika zvakapetwa kaviri kusvika ku350 gigawatts (GW) panosvika 20283 nemusika weChina wesimba rinowanikwazve uchiwedzera 66% muna 2023 chete.4
Mhepo turbines dzakashanduka kubva padiki-diki, senge mhepo dzekushandisa dzemumba, kusvika kune utility-chiyero kumapurazi emhepo. Asi zvimwe zvinonyanya kunakidza zviri kuitika muhunyanzvi hwemhepo zviri mukugadzirwa kwesimba remhepo kubva kumahombekombe, nemapurojekiti mazhinji emhepo ekumahombekombe ari kufamba mumvura yakadzika. Mapurazi makuru emhepo ari kuvandudzwa kuti ashandise mhepo dzakasimba dzemugungwa kuti dzikwanise kuita kaviri simba remagetsi kubva kumahombekombe. Muna Gunyana 2022, The White House yakazivisa hurongwa hwekuendesa 30 GW yemhepo inoyangarara yemhepo kubva kumahombekombe panosvika 2030. Chirongwa ichi chakagadzirirwa kupa mamwe mamirioni gumi dzimba dzine simba rakachena, kubatsira kuderedza mutengo wemagetsi, kutsigira mabasa emagetsi akachena uye zvakare kuderedza kuvimba kwenyika. pahuturu.5
Sezvo simba rakachena rakawanda richibatanidzwa mumagidhi emagetsi, kufanotaura kugadzirwa kwesimba rinozodzokororwa kunove kwakakosha mukutonga kwakagadzikana, kusimba kwemagetsi.Renewables kufanotaurandiyo mhinduro yakavakirwa pamusoroAI, sensors,kudzidza muchina,geospatial data, advanced analytics, best-in-class weather data uye zvakawanda kuti zvibudise zvakaringana, zvinofambirana mafungidziro ezviwanikwa zvesimba rinogoneka semhepo. Kufembera kwakanyanya kunobatsira vafambisi kubatanidza matekinoroji esimba rinogonekazve mugetsi. Vanovandudza kushanda kwayo uye kuvimbika nekufungidzira zvirinani nguva yekukwidza kugadzirwa kumusoro kana pasi, kuderedza mari yekushandisa. Somuenzaniso, Omega Energiakuwedzera kushandiswa kwezvinovandudzwa nekuvandudza kurongeka kwekufanotaura-15% yemhepo uye 30% yesolar. Kuvandudzwa uku kwakabatsira kusimudzira kugadzirisa uye kuderedza mari yekushandisa.
Hydropower
Masimba emagetsi eHydropower anoshandisa mafambiro emvura anosanganisira kuyerera kwerwizi nerukova, simba remugungwa nemafungu, madhamu uye madhamu kutenderera turbines kugadzira magetsi. Sekureva kweIEA, hydro icharamba iri iyo yakakura kwazvo inopa simba rakachena kusvika muna 2030 ine tekinoroji itsva inonakidza iri pamusoro.6
Semuyenzaniso, madiki ehydro anoshandisa mini-nemicro-grid kupa simba rinogoneka kunharaunda dzekumaruwa nenzvimbo uko zvivakwa zvakakura (semadhamu) zvisingakwanisike. Uchishandisa pombi, turbine kana vhiri remvura kushandura kuyerera kwechisikigo kwenzizi diki uye hova kuita magetsi, diki-diki hydro inopa inogoneka simba sosi ine kushoma kunokanganisa kune ecosystem. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, nharaunda dzinogona kubatana mune yepakati gidhi uye kutengesa kudzosera yakawandisa simba rinogadzirwa.
Muna 2021, iyo National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) yakaisa turbines matatu akagadzirwa neiyo thermoplastic composite zvinhu zvisinganyanye corrodi uye zvinogadziriswa zvakare kupfuura zvechinyakare muEast River yeNew York City. Maturbine matsva akagadzira simba rakaenzana munguva yakafanana neyakaatangira asi pasina kukanganisa kunoonekwa kwechimiro.7 Kuongororwa kwemamiriro ekunze kwakanyanya kuchiri kudikanwa, asi izvi zvisingadhuri, zvinogadziriswa zvakare zvine mukana wekushandura musika wemagetsi emvura kana. yakagamuchirwa kushandiswa kwakapararira.
Geothermal
Geothermal power plant (hombe-mwero) uye geothermal heat pombi (GHPs) (diki-diki) inoshandura kupisa kubva mukati mePasi kuita magetsi uchishandisa chiutsi kana hydrocarbon. Simba reGeothermal raimbove richitsamira panzvimbo-richida kuwana madhamu emvura akadzika pasi pePasi. Tsvagiridzo yazvino iri kubatsira kuita kuti geothermal iwedzere nzvimbo agnostic.
Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) inounza mvura inodiwa kubva pasi pePasi penyika kusvika kwaisiri, ichigonesa kugadzirwa kwegeothermal simba munzvimbo dzakatenderedza pasirese kwazvanga zvisati zvamboitika. Uye sezvo tekinoroji yeESG inoshanduka, kupinda muPasi risingapedzike kupisa kune mukana wekupa huwandu husina muganhu hwesimba rakachena, rakaderera kune vese.
Biomass
Bioenergy inogadzirwa kubva kubiomass iyo ine organic zvinhu zvakaita sezvirimwa uye algae. Kunyange zvazvo biomass ichiwanzopokana ichinzi inogona kuvandudzwa, bioenergy yanhasi inosvika zero-emission sosi yesimba.
Kubudirira kwebiofuels kunosanganisira biodiesel uye bioethanol kunonyanya kufadza. Vatsvagiri muAustralia vari kuongorora kushandura organic zvinhu kuita inosimudzira aviation mafuta (SAF). Izvi zvinogona kubatsira kuderedza kuburitswa kwemafuta ejeti kabhoni kusvika pa80%.8 Stateside, US Department of Energy's (DOE) Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) iri kugadzira tekinoroji kubatsira kudzikisa mutengo uye kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwebioenergy uye bioproduct kugadzirwa uku ichivandudza yavo. quality.9
Technology kutsigira ramangwana renewable simba
Hupfumi hwesimba hwakachena hunovimba nemagetsi anogona kudzokororwa ari panjodzi yezvakatipoteredza uye sezvo akawanda achiiswa mumagidhi emagetsi, tekinoroji yekubatsira kubata njodzi idzi kwakakosha. IBM Environmental Intelligence inogona kubatsira masangano kuwedzera kusimba uye kusimba nekutarisira kuvhiringika kunogona kuitika uye nekudzikisira zvakanyanya njodzi mukati mekushanda uye nekuwedzera cheni dzekugovera.
1 Mafuta efossil 'ave kusashanda' sezvo mitengo yesolar panel inodzikira(link inogara kunze ibm.com), The Independent, 27 Gunyana 2023.
2 Kuwedzera kukuru kwesimba rinodzokororwa kunovhura musuwo wekuzadzisa chinangwa chepasi rose katatu chakaiswa paCOP28.(link inogara kunze ibm.com), International Energy Agency, 11 Ndira 2024.
3Mhepo(link inogara kunze kwe ibm.com), International Energy Agency, 11 Chikunguru 2023.
4Renewables-Magetsi(link inogara kunze kwe ibm.com), International Energy Agency, Ndira 2024.
5Zviito Zvitsva Zvekuwedzera US Offshore Wind Energy(link inogara kunze ibm.com), The White House, 15 Gunyana 2022.
6Hydroelectricity(link inogara kunze kwe ibm.com), International Energy Agency, 11 Chikunguru 2023.
710 Yakakosha Mvura Yekuita Zvemagetsi Kubva 2021(link inogara kunze ibm.com), National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 18 Ndira 2022.
8 Kusimbisa ramangwana rakagadzirirwa hupenyu(link inogara kunze ibm.com), Jet Zero Australia, yakawana 11 Ndira 2024.
9Renewable Carbon Resources(link inogara kunze ibm.com), Hofisi yeMagetsi Ekuita uye Renewable Energy, inowanikwa 28 Zvita 2023.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-31-2024