Kuyesa kwa Impulse kwa Transformer

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu:
●Kuyesa Mwachidwi Tanthauzo la Transformer:Kuyesa kwamphamvu kwa thiransifoma kumayang'ana mphamvu yake yolimbana ndi mphamvu zamagetsi, kuwonetsetsa kuti kutsekeka kwake kumatha kuthana ndi ma spikes adzidzidzi mumagetsi.
●Kuyesa kwa Lightning Impulse:Mayesowa amagwiritsa ntchito ma voltages achilengedwe ngati mphezi kuyesa kutsekereza kwa thiransifoma, kuzindikira zofooka zomwe zingayambitse kulephera.
●Switching Impulse Test:Mayesowa amatengera ma spikes amagetsi kuchokera pakusintha magwiridwe antchito pamanetiweki, omwe amathanso kutsindika kusungunula kwa transformer.
●Impulse Generator:Jenereta yochititsa chidwi, yochokera kudera la Marx, imapanga zotengera zamphamvu kwambiri polipiritsa ma capacitor mofanana ndikuwatulutsa motsatizana.
●Kuyesa Magwiridwe:Njira yoyeserayi imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowunikira komanso kujambula ma voltage ndi ma waveform apano kuti azindikire kulephera kulikonse.
Kuunikira ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino mumayendedwe opatsiranachifukwa cha kutalika kwawo. Mphezi iyi ikugunda pamzerekondakitalazimayambitsa impulse voltage. Zida zama terminal za chingwe chotumizira mongachosinthira mphamvundiye amakumana ndi mphezi zotengera mphamvu. Apanso pamitundu yonse yakusintha kwapaintaneti mudongosolo, padzakhala zosintha zomwe zimachitika pamaneti. Kukula kwa zikhumbo zosinthira kungakhale pafupifupi 3.5 nthawi yamagetsi yamagetsi.
Insulation ndiyofunikira kwa ma transfoma, chifukwa kufooka kulikonse kungayambitse kulephera. Kuti muwone momwe zimagwirira ntchito, ma transfoma amayesa mayeso a dielectric. Komabe, kuyesa kwanthawi yayitali sikokwanira kuwonetsa mphamvu ya dielectric. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mayeso opumira, kuphatikiza mphezi ndi zoyeserera zosinthira, amachitidwa
Mphamvu ya Mphezi
Kuthamanga kwa mphezi ndizochitika mwachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake ndizovuta kwambiri kuneneratu mawonekedwe enieni a mafunde a mphezi. Kuchokera pazambiri zomwe zapezedwa za mphezi zachilengedwe, zitha kuganiziridwa kuti kusokonekera kwadongosolo chifukwa cha mphezi yachilengedwe, kumatha kuyimiridwa ndi mawonekedwe atatu oyambira.
●Full wave
●Kudulidwa funde ndi
●Patsogolo pa mafunde
Ngakhale kusokoneza kwenikweni kwa mphezi sikungakhale ndi mawonekedwe atatuwa koma kufotokozera mafundewa munthu akhoza kukhazikitsa mphamvu yocheperako ya dielectric ya thiransifoma.
Ngati chipwirikiti cha mphezi chikuyenda pamzere wopatsirana chisanafikethiransifoma, mawonekedwe ake a mafunde amatha kukhala mafunde athunthu. Ngati flash-over ikuchitika kulikonsechoponderapambuyo pa nsonga ya nsongayo, ikhoza kukhala mafunde odulidwa.
Ngati mphezi ikugunda mwachindunji ma terminals a thiransifoma, mphamvuyoVotejiimadzuka mwachangu mpaka itatsitsimutsidwa ndi kung'anima. Nthawi yomweyo magetsi amagwa mwadzidzidzi ndipo amatha kupanga kutsogolo kwa mawonekedwe a mafunde.
Zotsatira za ma waveform awa pazitsulo za transformer zitha kukhala zosiyana wina ndi mzake. Sitikupita pano mwatsatanetsatane za mtundu wanji wamagetsi othamanga omwe amayambitsa kulephera kwamtundu wanji mu thiransifoma. Koma chilichonse chomwe chingakhale mawonekedwe a mphezi yosokoneza magetsi, zonsezi zingayambitse kulephera kwa thiransifoma. ChonchoKuwunikira kuyeserera kwa transformerndi imodzi mwamayeso ofunikira kwambiri amtundu wa transformer.

Kusintha Impulse
Kupyolera mu maphunziro ndi zowonera zikuwonetsa kuti kusintha kwa magetsi kapena kusintha kwamphamvu kumatha kukhala ndi nthawi yakutsogolo ya ma microseconds mazana angapo ndipo magetsi amatha kuzimitsidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. IEC - 600060 yatengera mayeso awo osinthika, mafunde aatali okhala ndi nthawi yakutsogolo 250 μs ndi nthawi yofikira theka la 2500 μs ndi kulolerana.
Cholinga cha kuyesa kwa impulse voltage ndikutsimikizira kutithiransifomakutchinjiriza kupirira kuphulika kwa mphezi komwe kungachitike muutumiki.

Kapangidwe ka jenereta kotengera kachitidwe ka Marx. Chojambula choyambirira cha dera chikuwonetsedwa pa chithunzi pamwambapa. ChisonkhezerocapacitorsMa Cs (12 capacitor a 750 ηF) amalipidwa motsatana kudzera pa kulipiritsa.resistorsRc (28 kΩ) (voltage yapamwamba yovomerezeka yovomerezeka 200 kV). Mphamvu yolipiritsa ikafika pamtengo wofunikira, kuwonongeka kwa spark gap F1 kumayambitsidwa ndi kugunda kwakunja koyambitsa. F1 ikasweka, kuthekera kwa gawo lotsatirali (mfundo B ndi C) kumawuka. Chifukwa mndandanda wa resistors Rs ndi wamtengo wapatali wa ohmic poyerekeza ndi zotulutsa zotulutsa Rb (4,5 kΩ) ndi chopinga chojambulira Rc, ndipo popeza otsika ohmic otulutsa resistor Ra amalekanitsidwa ndi dera ndi chothandizira chopanda phokoso Fal. , kusiyana komwe kungathe kudutsa pa spark-gap F2 kukwera kwambiri ndipo kuwonongeka kwa F2 kumayambika.
Chifukwa chake mipata ya spark imapangitsidwa kuti iwonongeke motsatizana. Chifukwa chake, ma capacitor amatulutsidwa mumndandanda wolumikizana. Ma high-ohmic discharge resistors Rb ali ndi miyeso yosinthira mayendedwe ndi otsika-ohmic resistors Ra chifukwa cha mphezi. Zotsutsa Ra zimagwirizanitsidwa mofanana ndi zotsutsana ndi Rb, pamene mipata yothandizira imasweka, ndikuchedwa kwa masekondi mazana angapo nano.
Kukonzekera uku kumapangitsa kuti jenereta igwire bwino ntchito.
Mawonekedwe a mafunde ndi kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa mphamvu yamagetsi amayezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito Impulse Analyzing System (DIAS 733) yomwe imalumikizidwa ndivoteji divider. Magetsi ofunikira amapezedwa posankha nambala yoyenera ya magawo olumikizidwa ndikusintha voteji. Pofuna kupeza zofunika kutulutsa mphamvu kufanana kapena mndandanda-kufanana kugwirizana kwa jenereta angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pazifukwa izi, ma capacitor ena amalumikizidwa limodzi panthawi yotulutsa.
Mawonekedwe amphamvu ofunikira amapezedwa mwa kusankha koyenera kwa mndandanda ndi zotulutsa zotulutsa za jenereta.
Nthawi yakutsogolo ikhoza kuwerengedwa pafupifupi kuchokera ku equation:
Kwa R1 >> R2 ndi Cg >> C (15.1)
TT = .RC123
ndi theka la nthawi kufika theka la mtengo kuchokera pa equation
T ≈ 0,7.RC
M'zochita, dera loyesera limakulitsidwa molingana ndi zomwe zachitika.

Kuchita kwa Impulse Test
Mayesowa amachitidwa ndi mphezi zokhazikika za negative polarity. Nthawi yakutsogolo (T1) ndi nthawi yofikira theka la mtengo (T2) amatanthauzidwa molingana ndi muyezo.
Standard mphezi kusonkhezera
Nthawi yakutsogolo T1 = 1,2 μs ± 30%
Nthawi ya theka la mtengo T2 = 50 μs ± 20%

M'zochita, mawonekedwe amtunduwu amatha kupatuka pamayendedwe okhazikika poyesa mafunde otsika-voltage amphamvu kwambiri komanso ma windings amphamvu yolowera. Kuyesa kwamphamvu kumachitidwa ndi ma voltages olakwika a polarity kuti apewe kung'anima kosasinthika mu insulation yakunja ndi dera loyesa. Kusintha kwa Waveform ndikofunikira pazinthu zambiri zoyeserera. Zomwe zapezedwa kuchokera ku zotsatira za mayeso a mayunitsi ofanana kapena kuwerengeratu komaliza kungapereke chitsogozo pakusankha zigawo za gawo lozungulira mafunde.
Mayeserowa amakhala ndi chikhumbo chimodzi (RW) pa 75% ya matalikidwe athunthu ndikutsatiridwa ndi kuchuluka kwamagetsi komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matalikidwe athunthu (FW) (malinga ndi IEC 60076-3 zikhumbo zitatu zathunthu). Zida zopangira ma voltage ndipanopakujambula ma siginecha kumakhala ndi chojambulira chosakhalitsa cha digito, chowunikira, kompyuta, plotter ndi chosindikizira. Zojambulira pamilingo iwiriyo zitha kufananizidwa mwachindunji ndikuwonetsa kulephera. Pakuwongolera ma transfoma gawo limodzi limayesedwa ndi chosinthira chapampopi chokhazikika chomwe chidavoteraVotejindipo magawo ena awiriwa amayesedwa mu malo aliwonse owopsa.

Kulumikizana kwa Impulse Test
Mayeso onse a dielectric amayang'ana mulingo wa insulation wa ntchitoyo. Jenereta ya Impulse imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zomwe zatchulidwaVoteji1.2/50 microseconds wave wave. Chikhumbo chimodzi chochepetsedwaVotejipakati pa 50 mpaka 75% ya voteji yathunthu yoyezetsa ndi zotengera zitatu zotsatizana ndi voteji yonse.

Za athiransifoma magawo atatu, kusonkhezera kumachitika pa magawo onse atatu motsatizana.
Mphamvu yamagetsi imayikidwa pamtundu uliwonse wa mzere motsatizana, ndikusunga ma terminals ena kukhala pansi.
Mawonekedwe apano ndi ma voliyumu amalembedwa pa oscilloscope ndipo kusokonekera kulikonse mu mawonekedwe a wave ndi njira yolephera.